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The Dorotheenstadt cemetery, officially the "Cemetery of the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder Parishes", is a landmarked Protestant burial ground located in the Berlin district of Mitte which dates to the late 18th century. The entrance to the 17,000 m2 plot is at 126 Chaussee Straße (next door to the Brecht House, where Bertolt Brecht and Helene Weigel spent their last years, at 125 Chaussee Straße). It is also directly adjacent to the French cemetery (also known as the cemetery of the Huguenots), established in 1780, and is sometimes confused with it. ==History== In the second half of the 18th century, Berlin's population was growing and there was insufficient land for cemeteries because of pressure to build on vacant land and fear of epidemics. Prussian King Frederick II, "the Great", donated land outside the Oranienburg Gate of the Berlin Customs Wall for this purpose; 4 cemeteries were established, of which the French cemetery and the Dorotheenstadt cemetery survive.〔Alfred Etzold and Wolfgang Türk, ''Der Dorotheenstädtische Friedhof: die Begräbnisstätten an der Berliner Chausseestrasse'', Berlin: Links, 1993, rev. ed. 2002, ISBN 3-86153-261-1, (p. 8 ) ; the other 2 belonged to the Catholic parish of St. Hedwig and the Charité institution for the needy.〕〔According to (Dorotheenstädisch-Friedrichswerderscher Friedhof - Sicherungs- und Restaurierungsarbeiten ), Stiftung Historische Friedhöfe Berlin-Brandenburg , the land was given to the 2 parishes and the French cemetery to replace a previous jointly owned burial ground on which a barracks was built.〕 The Dorotheenstadt cemetery was established jointly by the two (Protestant) parishes in the early 1760s;〔Etzold and Türk, (p. 30 ), 1763; Dorotheenstädisch-Friedrichswerderscher Friedhof - Sicherungs- und Restaurierungsarbeiten, Stiftung Historische Friedhöfe Berlin-Brandenburg, 1762.〕 burials began in 1770.〔Ev. Dorotheenstädtische und Friedrichswerdersche Gemeinde and der Luisenstädtische Bildungsverein e.V., "Berlin Dorotheenstädtischer Kirchhof Chausseestraße 126", pamphlet, quoted at (Stiftung Historische Friedhöfe ) (direct link disabled): ''Erste Bestattungen fanden im Jahre 1770 statt''.〕 Although initially mostly the lower classes were buried in the Dorotheenstadt cemetery, because of its proximity to Berlin University (founded 1810, since 1949 Humboldt University) and several scholarly academies (sciences, arts, architecture, singing), many prominent figures who worked and in many cases lived in Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder have found their last resting place here. As the social standing of those buried in the cemetery rose, numerous famous 19th-century artists and architects designed grave markers. For example, Johann Gottfried Schadow designed monuments for his second wife and himself. An 1822 statuette of Schadow by his student Heinrich Kaehler was placed on Schadow's grave in 1851. In 1975, a 1909 marble replica of Schadow's 1821 statue of Martin Luther for the marketplace in Wittenberg was placed at the end of the main axis of the cemetery. (It had previously been in the nearby Dorotheenstadt church, which was destroyed in World War II.) The bust of the industrialist August Borsig was created by Christian Daniel Rauch. The cemetery was enlarged several times between 1814 and 1826.〔Pamphlet quoted at Stiftung Historische Friedhöfe, ''Zwischen 1814 und 1826 wurde der Dorotheenstädtische Kirchhof dreimal erheblich vergrößert''.〕 In the 1830s the parishes separately acquired land for expansion elsewhere: Dorotheenstadt in Gesundbrunnen, Friedrichswerder in Kreuzberg.〔Etzold and Türk, (p. 119 ).〕〔Pamphlet cited at Stiftung Historische Friedhöfe: both in 1834.〕 By the end of the 1860s, the original cemetery was full, and after 1869 burials were only permitted in already purchased plots. In 1889 some of the land was sold in connection with a road improvement project, and some important graves had to be relocated.〔Hannoversche Straße was the road in question: Etzold and Türk, (pp. 57, 70, 80 ).〕 However, after the introduction of cremation the space pressure was no longer so great, and new plots were allowed beginning in 1921. The two parishes were combined in 1945 and administer their 3 cemeteries together.〔Etzold and Türk, (p. 119 )〕 The cemetery has suffered in hard times: precious metals and iron (cast iron was a popular material for grave monuments in Prussia and they were produced at a royal foundry in Berlin) have been stolen from graves, in the 1930s some stones were sold to masons for reuse, and lack of money has hampered adequate upkeep. In World War II, the surrounding area was heavily damaged and the cemetery was also damaged. In the 1960s clearance of the site to create a park was proposed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dorotheenstadt cemetery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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